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Sign up to highlight and take notes. Reasons for management The. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. How can the impacts of climate change be managed? By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. In 1896 the Council decided to link the two bays by the construction of a 1200 metre link road to be known as . Coastal management is the focus of several GCSE specifications while some require understanding of managed realignment. The Beach (Coastal Protection) - The sea defenses have been damaged and replaced with 'Spanish steps' leading down to the sea that will protect the coastline and increase public access to the seafront. Conflict often exists between different stakeholders, such as residents and the local council. It became apparent that a long term plan needed to be formulated, so in 1992 a number of measures were implemented. Company Registration Number: 8600593 They break up and dissipate wave energy. What is the impact of humans on the savanna? Calibration and Validation of Earth Observation Data, Core Skills in GIS, Physical Geography in Environmental Management and Risk Assessment. What were the reasons for coastal management at Mappleton? In an oscillating LC circuit, L = 3.00 mH and C = 2.70 \muF. Difficulty level: Moderate. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. For the last 12 years, I gained extensive experience not only in preparing and submitting scientific project applications to national and european funding as well as in managing and coordinating different research activities (e.g., scientific writing, statistical analysis, case . Cost and benefits may be tangible (monetary value) or intangible (other effects such as visual impact). Cyclone Prone Areas in India There are 13 coastal states and union territories (UTs) in the country, encompassing 84 coastal districts which are affected by tropical cyclones. -Lack of fresh water for drinking and irrigation, as fresh water is diverted from the rivers for irrigation use further upstream. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world, (Dove et al, 2009 pp73). Prevents cliff erosion as it absorbs wave energy. How has rainforest vegetation adapted to the climate? These effects can be positive or negative. As part of the A Level course, it is important not only to understand what regeneration is and the impacts that it has, but also to put this into context. What are the four options that an SMP has? However, it inevitably means that it will divide stakeholders into two groups. Landforms in the middle course of a river. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. LEDC coastal flooding 2. 4: Wooden revetment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sturdy_revetments_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1119250.jpg) by Evelyn Simak (https://www.geograph.org.uk/profile/14840) Licensed by CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en), Fig. Hard engineering involves building structures to protect the coast by using concrete, stone and steel. Quizlet revision sets. Bundles or rocks in metal mesh located at cliff bases. Improves the strength of the cliff and prevents rocks from falling. The reason for coastal management is to protect homes and businesses from the devastating effects of coastal flooding and erosion. An ICZM manages the Mediterranean. Q.7 Given below are four statements about Watershed Management as practised in India. Fig. 1 / 10. Waves can erode the wall defeating its purpose and is expensive to implement and maintain. Winners people who have gained from the decision which have been made either economically (property saved) or environmentally (habitats conserved), or socially (communities). Upload unlimited documents and save them online. There are two contrasting approaches to coastal management. Coastline management strategies involve hard or soft engineering. Groyne Building wooden fence-like barriers at right angles to the beach. Why is hard engineering an expensive method? What is the difference between a tornado and a hurricane? This is another method of sustainable coastline management. Studying from past student work is an amazing way to learn and research, however you must always act with academic integrity. Coasts not only provide attractive environments for tourism but access to the sea for transport, trade and fishing. British Council Scholarships for Women in STEM. This is because the area contains 'textbook' examples of coastal erosion and deposition. Expensive to implement. How can we increase the amount of food produced globally? Case studies from all regions of the world (Europe, The Americas, Asia, Africa and Australasia) are included', 'Building upon the book Disappearing . Taking 17 villages in the Rongcheng of Shandong as an example, this article integrated multidimensional data, including geospatial . Planting dead trees in the sand to stabilise dunes. The areas that this essay will use as case studies are; the Great Barrier Reef in Eastern Australia, Happisburgh in Norfolk and Southampton Water in Hampshire. case study of Brussels. Scarborough is the largest holiday resort on the Yorkshire coast. http://www.wwf.org.au/ourwork/oceans/gbr/ {date accessed 16/06/10}, http://www.barrierreef.org/WhyResearch/TheReefandclimatechange.aspx#question_2 {date accessed 19/06/10}, http://www.jcu.edu.au/research/excellence/JCUPRD_036944.html {date accessed 19/06/10}, http://www.wwf.org.au/news/n244/ {date accessed 19/06/10}, http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/planning/104939.aspx {dare accessed 20/06/10}, http://www.marinet.org.uk/coastaldefences/smp.html {date accessed 20/06/10}, http://www.northsolentsmp.co.uk/media/adobe/5/4/North_Solent_SMP_Information_Pamphlet.pdf {date accessed 20/06/10}, Dove, J et al, OCR Geography A2, (2009), Heinmann, Harlow. To achieve this, the following are taken into consideration: This takes place before any coastal management takes place. Having understood the spatial reality of coastal conflicts in Chilo, various proposals for the delimitation of coastal zones in different parts of the world were reviewed, especially from Ibero-American states (e.g., [56], [57], [41], [9], [47]).The fourth step consisted in selecting the delimitation criteria and grouping them into fisve categories: arbitrary, ecological and physical . GCSE. Earthquakes Coastal Management Use the images below to find out more about each case study. -The Sundarbans in the SW Bangladesh and E India, on the delta of the Ganges, Brahruptura and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengali. Groups who may have an interest in how the coast is managed would include; local residents, local councils, landowners, governments, environmental bodies and national park authorities. What are the impacts of industry on the physical environment? The position of the coast is also a factor that needs to be considered as longshore drift causes large movement of sediment in a southerly direction. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Sand and shingle must be sourced from somewhere else, usually by dredging. These do not exist in Scotland and Northern Ireland, where the devolved governments and local authorities are jointly responsible for coastal protection. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami 2018, Almera, Spain: a large-scale agricultural development, Sustainable food supplies in an LIC Bangladesh, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? (See appendix 1, 2 and 3 for SMP maps). Governance approaches include Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs), Sustainable Integrated Approaches (SIA) and Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). What are the causes of deforestation in the Amazon? Its aims are: Coastal management involves decisions that will affect peoples lives. -Mangrove forests: collect sediments and slow down water flow, helping to mitigate against erosion. Its 100% free. Subscribe OCR A Level Geography View More Topics GCSE. The site is self-funded and your support is really appreciated. Given its importance, careful consideration needs to be given to managing the coastline to ensure that its resources are utilised wisely while preserving its natural beauty and processes. A-level Geography; Year 13; Dorset - case study of a UK coastal landscape. Can the risks of volcanic eruptions be reduced? Prevents longshore drift, flooding, and erosion. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Case Study of Coastal Erosion - Flamborough Head and Holderness Coast Background and the Problem of Erosion - The Holderness Coast is on the NE coast of the UK, facing the North Sea. They can also act as flood barriers. Large walls constructed from concrete, steel, or stone are located along the shoreline of a beach. This is where all stakeholders have a say in any policy decisions. Business Studies. Figure 1 Map showing the Queensland coast and zoning areas of the Great Barrier Reef. For a CBA, the expected benefits must outweigh the costs for a project to go ahead. Expensive to implement and maintain. What is Nigerias location and importance? Why is the weather of the UK so changeable? In this Story Map you can learn about the issues facing a part of the Somerset coastline in the UK, and learn about current and potential future management strategies. Software: eCognition. An SMP is a large scale project to assess the risks associated with coastal processes and to devise strategies to reduce the risk to coastal communities and the environment (http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk). The idea is to make the beach larger to dissipate the wave energy, thereby reducing wave erosion. A Level Geography OCR A Level Geography Coastal Landscapes Coastal Landscapes This topic is included in A Level Component 1 for OCR Geography. Offshore bars have been built to dissipate wave energy before they get to the beach, however, although these have resulted in improved protection for Sea Palling, beaches further south at Waxham (see figure 4) have needed replenishment because of reduced sediment flow. Using relevant case studies at national, sub national and local level, we assess Cost-wise they are not too expensive, 150250 (depending on material). General Studies Paper 1 includes questions from subjects like History, Geography, Polity, Economics, General Science, Technology, Environment and Current Affairs. This has caused much controversy within the local community who stand to lose their homes and livelihoods with this policy. Each SMP identifies all the natural and human activities that occur within the coastline area of each sediment cell. The Isle of Wight has four coastal defence options: The pine forest is a colonies for the red squirrel. In other words, the strategies should not cause too much damage to the environment, peoples homes and livelihood and shouldnt cost too much. The anticipated cost of the coastal management plan is compared to the expected benefits of a scheme. What factors influence the effects and response to tectonic activity? Introduction. If you've found the resources on this site useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site. How does flooding affect humans and the environment? The Isle of Wight has65 milesof spectacular coastline, 28 miles of which are designated Heritage Coast. Mangroves are non-native to some areas and can become invasive. This must surely be more cost effective in the long run and more desirable in terms of maintaining the coast's natural beauty. Erosion is where the waves in the sea are wearing away the rocks at the coast. They are designed to prevent longshore movement of sediment and encourage deposition, creating a broader and higher beach. Which hard engineering approach is the most problematic? How important are water and carbon to life on Earth? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The diagram shows part of a coastline. They manage but do not necessarily prevent erosion. Managing the wider coastal zone in terms of people and their economic livelihoods, social and cultural well being, safety from coastal hazards and minimising environmental and ecological impacts. Dune regeneration creating new sand dunes or restoring existing ones. General Knowledge. Coastal management aims to protect homes, businesses and the environment from erosion and flooding. High Energy Coastline made up of Limestone and Clay. This varied coastline is one of the Islands main assets. Widens the beach/dune, therefore, slowing down waves and preventing erosion. Each littoral cell is isolated from the adjacent cells and managed as a holistic unit. What are some coastal management strategies? -Home to 4m people. Contribution in this reseach that spatial multi-hazard consideration should be undertaken as a consideration of development policies in order to reduce . If not dealt with this water would encourage rock and sediments to slide to the cliff bottom. Increases the distance a wave has to travel, thus slowing it down and preventing erosion. Two Earthquakes Compared Nepal and LAquila, Lombok Indonesia Earthquake 2018 Case Study, 2018 Sulawesi Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami Case Study. Download the A level Specification audit. Extreme weather in the UK Beast from the East, Extreme Weather in the UK Summer Heatwave 2018. It must involve all stakeholders, plan for the long term, and work with the natural processes and not against them. What challenges are associated with the growth of Rio? Jamaica Case Study, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? What is the site and situation of a settlement? Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper - 2 and mentioned as part of Mission-2023 Secure timetable. The structures are usually at the base of a cliff or on the beach. Creating new sand dunes or restoring existing ones. 3.1B Transport Technology and Globalisation, 3.2 Political and Economic Decision Making, 7C Economic Development and Environmental Impact, 8B Controlling the Spread of Globlisation, 4A.1B Economic Activity and Social Factors, 4A.1A Changing Function and Characteristics, 4A.6 Evaluating the need for Regeneration, 6C Representation and Need for Regeneration, 10A Measuring the Success of Regeneration, 12A Restructuring and Contested Decisions, 7.5 Superpowers and International Decision Making, 7.6 Superpowers and the Physical Environment, 7.6C Middle-Class Consumption on Emerging Powers, 7.8A Emerging Powers and the Developing World, 8.2 Variations in Health and Life Expectancy, 8.3A The relationship between economic and social development, 8.5A Human Rights Vs Economic Development, 8.8 the Positive and Negative of Development, 2B.2C Geological Structure and Cliff Profiles, 2B.3B Rock Strata and Complex Cliff Profiles, 4C Coastal Landscapes Produced by Erosion, 8C Temporal Variations in Coastal Recession, 9A Local Factors that Increase Coastal Flood Risk, A - Economic and Social Losses from Recession, 2B: 12 Integrated Coastal Zone Management, 1B Importance and Size of Stores and Fluxes, 5.4 Deficits within the Hydrological Cycle, 5.8 Consequences and Risks of Water Insecurity, 8A - Causes and Pattern of Physical and Economic Scarcity, 5.9C Integrated Drainage Basin Management, 6.1C - Geological Processes Releasing Carbon, 6.2 Biological Processes Sequestering Carbon, 6.3 Human Activity Altering the Carbon Cycle, 6.6C Radical Technologies to Reduce Carbon Emissions, 6.7 Human Activity Threatening the Carbon and Water Cycles. Economic activities in glaciated upland areas, Glaciation Photo gallery Goat Fell, Isle of Arran. Mangrove roots keep soil in place, which dissipates wave energy and prevents erosion. (4 marks) Assess the role of vegetation in the development of a sand dune landscape. Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. In addition to this by installing hard engineering solutions in one . Resources to support this topic can be found below. They effectively prevent erosion in the desired area, but they are expensive and have a significant environmental impact due to the use of concrete and other artificial materials. -Adjusting behaviour to fit the environment. What are the differences in global calorie intake and food supply? Land use in coastal area includes tourism, fishing, industry and transport. Learning objectives Almera in Spain: a large-scale agricultural development, Sustainable Food Supplies in an LIC Bangladesh. They are used to deflect the power of waves. The advantages are that they are relatively inexpensive to build, 500 3000. What is migration and why do people migrate? Erosion rate is 5 m per year (dredging and wall construction in Liverpool makes less material available, Board walks for visitors (Don't trample on the sand), Less than half the price of our monthly plan. Sustainable development in the Temperate Deciduous Woodland. It was cheaper to protect Mappleton than construct a new route. Impacts of Farming Practices on Carbon Budget, A-level geography case study - The Sundarbans, CALIFORNIA WILDFIRES - THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CL, Coastal Landforms and Landscapes of depositio, Coastal landforms and landscapes of erosion, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A coastline could be managed by hard engineering approaches such as a sea wall made of concrete with steel reinforcement and deep pile foundations. -The Sundarbans in the SW Bangladesh and E India, on the delta of the Ganges, Brahruptura and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengali. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) is over 2300km long and is made up of over 2900 reefs and 940 islands and cays. The material used, sand or gravel, is natural and blends in with the existing beach. This allows sand to settle, and increases dune size. What problems are caused by global warming? They are permeable. The idea of cliff stabilisation is to limit the amount of erosion and the potential for landslides, collapse, and falling rocks. Therefore, it can be seen that zoning has been vital in creating a balance between the needs of industry, government, community and the ecosystem to ensure that the Great Barrier Reef remains sustainable and protected. What does this mean? Presidential scholarships for students of Black heritage. These are holistic strategies; it is recognised that all the different sections of the coastline are interlinked and function together as a whole. What are the social and economic opportunities associated with the growth of Rio? Over 10 million students from across the world are already learning smarter. Management of the coastline is necessary to protect them from coastal erosion. How do changes affect the balance of an ecosystem? What are the disadvantages of a sea wall? Hold the line - this is when coastal defences are built or maintained to protect a coastline against the impacts of sea level rise and . In the case of humans, we use the coastline for agriculture, for fishing, for industry and power generation, for transport routes and for land upon which to live. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. Create a more consistent water level that can be used for hydroelectricity. Therefore, coastal management must be sustainable. the entire coastal zone needs to be managed, the importance of the coastal zone to peoples livelihoods. Strategies: Sea Wall Wooden Groynes repaired and built at a cost of 5.2m BUT: Reference: Insights on India. (2 Marks) e) Describe the problems that can occur due to the large number of visitors. It is easy to construct and often used by anglers and sunbathers. The disadvantages are that the ongoing costs are high as the sediment needs replacing every few years as waves remove it.