A., and Greenhaff, P. L. Increasing muscle carnitine content alters muscle fuel metabolism and improves exercise performance in humans. View abstract. Generic name: levocarnitine (oral) [LEE-voe-KAR-ni-teen] L-carnitine is an amino acid derivative that transports fatty acids into your cells to be processed for energy. A. 2003;21(3):271-275. J.Med.Sci. Gentile, V., Antonini, G., Antonella, Bertozzi M., Dinelli, N., Rizzo, C., Ashraf, Virmani M., and Koverech, A. Does carnitine cause high blood pressure? View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Fertil Steril 2002;78:1203-8.. View abstract. 2010;5(8):e12140. Plasma carnitine deficiency: Clinical observations in 51 pediatric patients. Jung, J., Eo, E., and Ahn, K. O. 11. However, some individuals may experience digestive side effects when taking L-carnitine. View abstract. 2006;8(5 Pt 1):503-507. J Trop.Pediatr. Tempesta E, Casella L, Pirrongelli C, et al. View abstract. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:1377-84. Li, Z., Chen, G. W., Shang, X. J., Bai, W. J., Han, Y. F., Chen, B., Teng, X. M., Meng, F. H., Zhang, B., Chen, D. N., Liu, J. H., Zheng, X. M., Cao, X. R., Liu, Y., Zhu, X. The effect of L-carnitine and isoflavone supplementation on weight reduction and visceral fat accumulation in overweight women. 2010;20(11):693-700. View abstract. Andrologia. 2013 Apr;121(4):234-8. Nefrologia. Rare side effects can include muscle weakness in uremic patients and seizures in people with seizure disorders. 2009;48(5):587-596. View abstract. The eEffects of L-carnitine on echocardiographic changes in patients with β-thalassemia major and intermedia. Clin Exp.Hypertens. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1998;12:291-9. Benton, D. and Donohoe, R. T. The influence on cognition of the interactions between lecithin, carnitine and carbohydrate. Propionyl-L-carnitine is safe for most people when taken by mouth or given intravenously by a healthcare professional. L-carnitines benefits may be indirect and take weeks or months to appear. Some dosage forms listed on this page may not apply to the brand name L-Carnitine. The therapeutic effect of L-carnitine in patients with exercise-induced stable angina: a controlled study. Am J Dis Child 1991;145:999-1001. View abstract. Diarrhea Elmslie, J. L., Porter, R. J., Joyce, P. R., Hunt, P. J., and Mann, J. I. Carnitine does not improve weight loss outcomes in valproate-treated bipolar patients consuming an energy-restricted, low-fat diet. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther 1999;13:537-46. L-carnitine decreases severity and type of fatigue induced by interferon-alpha in the treatment of patients with hepatitis C. Neuropsychobiology 2003;47:94-7. Along with its needed effects, levocarnitine (the active ingredient contained in L-Carnitine) may cause some unwanted effects. Clin Ter. This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. A. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Comparison of pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine after single oral administration of L-carnitine in healthy volunteers. 2009;19(1):Pe11-Pe15. Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), L-carnitine deficiency. 2007;20(1):63-65. Journal of New Drugs 1966;6(6):351-353. del Olmo, J. View abstract. In children, L-carnitine has most often been used in doses of 50-100 mg/kg by mouth daily, for up to one year. This form exhibited similar benefits for general brain function in older adults who did not have Alzheimers or other brain conditions (35, 36, 37). Carnitor (levocarnitine) package insert. Coulter DL. [L-carnitine for the treatment of acute myocardial infarct]. J Mol.Histol. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Jun 6, 2022. Nuesch R, Rossetto M, Martina B. Evans, J. D., Jacobs, T. F., and Evans, E. W. Role of acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. L-carnitine improves glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients. Minerva Urol.Nefrol. Can L-carnitine supplementation and exercise improve muscle complications in patients with liver cirrhosis who receive branched-chain amino acid supplementation? 2006;12(6):704-714. L carnitine side effects, safety, danger, caution, risks. 2010;68(5):743-752. Biochem Pharmacol 2003;65:1483-8.. View abstract. A., and Loprinzi, C. L. A critical review of complementary therapies for cancer-related fatigue. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1991;17:225-35. Rajasekar, P., Palanisamy, N., and Anuradha, C. V. Increase in nitric oxide and reductions in blood pressure, protein kinase C beta II and oxidative stress by L-carnitine: a study in the fructose-fed hypertensive rat. Hiatt, W. R., Creager, M. A., Amato, A., and Brass, E. P. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on a background of monitored exercise in patients with claudication secondary to peripheral artery disease. A randomized clinical trial. View abstract. 1987;24(4):231-234. Effects of l-carnitine supplementation on weight loss and body composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 randomized controlled clinical trials with dose-response analysis. Efficacy of L-propionylcarnitine treatment in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. An analysis of 3 multicenter studies and a bibliographic review]. Goral S. Levocarnitine and muscle metabolism in patients with end-stage renal disease. View abstract. AIDS 2004;18:1549-60. Acta Urol Ital 1996;10(3):185-187. View abstract. Nutrition 2009;25(11-12):1193-1201. View abstract. Prog Retin Eye Res. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2009;32(4):488-497. 2007;86(1):31-34. Med Sci Sports Exerc. View abstract. Kinetics, pharmacokinetics, and regulation of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine metabolism. If you have had a seizure, don't take L-carnitine. Eur.Urol. Andrologia 2019;51(6):e13267. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994;55(6):681-692. Huang, Y., Huang, L. C., and Zhan, F. Clinical analysis of therapeutic effect of levocarnitine on dialysis patients. Mingrone G. Carnitine in type 2 diabetes. View abstract. View abstract. Heinonen OJ. Swoboda, K. J., Scott, C. B., Crawford, T. O., Simard, L. R., Reyna, S. P., Krosschell, K. J., Acsadi, G., Elsheik, B., Schroth, M. K., D'Anjou, G., LaSalle, B., Prior, T. W., Sorenson, S. L., Maczulski, J. Thal LJ, Carta A, Clarke WR, et al. Isidori, A. M., Pozza, C., Gianfrilli, D., and Isidori, A. Postiglione A, Soricelli A, Cicerano U, et al. J Inherit.Metab Dis 6-15-2010; View abstract. L-carnitine is LIKELY SAFE when taken by mouth for up to 12 months, and when used as an injection, with the approval of a healthcare provider. Plasma and urine carnitine concentrations in well-trained athletes at rest and after exercise. Indian J Exp.Biol. Effects of propionyl-L-carnitine on peripheral arterial obliterative disease of the lower limbs: a double-blind clinical trial. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Moradi, M., Moradi, A., Alemi, M., Ahmadnia, H., Abdi, H., Ahmadi, A., and Bazargan-Hejazi, S. Safety and efficacy of clomiphene citrate and L-carnitine in idiopathic male infertility: a comparative study. 2008;46(2):181-190. Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on renal anemia in patients on hemodialysis: a meta-analysis. J Child Neurol 1997;12:461-3. Volek, J. S., Judelson, D. A., Silvestre, R., Yamamoto, L. M., Spiering, B. Even though the chance of adverse side effects is slight, there are two things that we suggest when taking Coenzyme Q10. Oncologist. Cruciani RA, Dvorkin E, Homel P, et al. Hi-Tech Pharmacal Company Inc (2022): 3. View abstract. Effect of combined treatment with alpha-Lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine on vascular function and blood pressure in patients with coronary artery disease. Kosolcharoen T, Nappi J, Peduzzi P, and et al. Wu X, Huang W, Prasad PD, et al. Jimenez Caballero, P. E. and Marsal, Alonso C. [Type 1 glutaric aciduria: clinical and therapeutic implications]. J Pediatr 1986;109(6):984-988. 1987;24(1):23-28. View abstract. Eur Heart J 1994;15(10):1348-1352. Relative carnitine deficiency in autism. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020;25(2):124-32. View abstract. View abstract. Clin Auton.Res 2000;10(1):13-16. Latifian S, Hamdi K, Totakneh R. Effect of addition of l-carnitine in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with clomiphene citrate and gonadotropin resistant. High doses of L-carnitine in acute myocardial infarction: metabolic and antiarrhythmic effects. They may have you stop lipotropics or switch the ingredients being used. Carnitine versus androgen administration in the treatment of sexual dysfunction, depressed mood, and fatigue associated with male aging. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988;35(5):555-562. Calabrese, V., Cornelius, C., Stella, A. M., and Calabrese, E. J. Szymanski M, Wandtke T, Wasilow K, Andryszczyk M, Janicki R, Domaracki P. Comparison of 3- and 6-Month Outcomes of Combined Oral L-Carnitine Fumarate and Acetyl-L-Carnitine Therapy, Included in an Antioxidant Formulation, in Patients with Idiopathic Infertility. View abstract. View abstract. Mantovani, G. Randomised phase III clinical trial of 5 different arms of treatment on 332 patients with cancer cachexia. Background and aim: Clinical evidence which investigated the effects of l-carnitine, a vitamin-like substance, on weight loss had led to inconsistent results. Peivandi, S., Karimpour, A., and Moslemizadeh, N. Effects of L-carnitine on infertile men's spermogram; a randomized clinical trial. View abstract. As a supplement, acetyl-L-carnitine is usually considered safe when taken as directed. Lancet 12-13-1980;2(8207):1309-1310. The protective effect of carnitine in human diphtheric myocarditis. Acta Neurol.Taiwan. Invest Clin 2007;48(2):243-248. Adefovir dipivoxil. View abstract. Dig.Dis. View abstract. View abstract. The effects of anti-anxiety and depression therapy on life quality of patient with coronary heart disease. How Much Caffeine Is Okay? View abstract. View abstract. Toxicol Res (Camb). View abstract. Valcour, V., Yeh, T. M., Bartt, R., Clifford, D., Gerschenson, M., Evans, S. R., Cohen, B. Medicine (Baltimore). Levocarnitine-induced hypophosphatemia in a hemodialysis patient with acute valproic acid toxicity. View abstract. Pediatr Nephrol 2021;36(11):3741-3747. It can cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, weakness, and chest pain (angina). Changes in lipid pattern. Sheida A, Davar R, Tabibnejad N, Eftekhar M. The effect of adding L-Carnitine to the GnRH-antagonist protocol on assisted reproductive technology outcome in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Clin J Pain 2008;24(8):731-733. Pistone G, Marino A, Leotta C, et al. Amino.Acids 2008;35(2):419-423. Novak M. Carnitine supplementation in soy-based formula-fed infants. Mayo Clin Proc. When taken by mouth: L-carnitine is likely safe when taken for up to 12 months. Thomsen, J. H., Shug, A. L., Yap, V. U., Patel, A. K., Karras, T. J., and DeFelice, S. L. Improved pacing tolerance of the ischemic human myocardium after administration of carnitine. Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Multi-Country Hepatitis Outbreak in Children, Needle-Free Epinephrine Options Are On The Horizon, Longer Vaccine Interval May Boost Antibodies 9 Times, How Walmart Is Rethinking Health (Medscape video), Dr. Whyte's Book: Take Control of Your Diabetes Risk. View abstract. Bodea, F., Bocea, A., and Decea, N. [L-carnitine decreases oxidative stress induced by experimental hypobaric hypoxia]. Jpn Heart J 1982;23(3):349-359. 1989;4(5):366-371. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. View abstract. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2020;12(4):246-255. View abstract. Med.Sci Monit. View abstract. Maillart, E., Acquaviva-Bourdain, C., Rigal, O., Brivet, M., Jardel, C., Lombes, A., Eymard, B., Vianey-Saban, C., and Laforet, P. [Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD): a curable cause of genetic muscular lipidosis]. El-Beshlawy, A., El, Accaoui R., Abd El-Sattar, M., Gamal El-Deen, M. H., Youssry, I., Shaheen, N., Hamdy, M., El-Ghamrawy, M., and Taher, A. Cuturic, M., Abramson, R. K., Moran, R. R., and Hardin, J. W. Clinical outcomes and low-dose levocarnitine supplementation in psychiatric inpatients with documented hypocarnitinemia: a retrospective chart review. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Effect of carni Q-gel (ubiquinol and carnitine) on cytokines in patients with heart failure in the Tishcon study. View abstract. Effect of L-carnitine on health-related quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis. View abstract. Gwak, J. H., Lee, J. H., Lee, S. J., Park, H. W., Kim, Y., and Hyun, Y. J. The mitochondria act as engines within your cells, burning these fats to create usable energy. View abstract. View abstract. This study therefore aimed to examine the effect of l-carnitine supplementation on body weight and composition by including the maximum number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to conduct a dose-response analysis, for the first . Sood, A., Barton, D. L., Bauer, B. Decombaz, J., Deriaz, O., Acheson, K., Gmuender, B., and Jequier, E. Effect of L-carnitine on submaximal exercise metabolism after depletion of muscle glycogen. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014;180:148-52. Clin Drug Investig. Eur.Urol. Endocr.J 2010;57(9):777-786. Sima AAF, Calvani M, Mehra M, et al. 2007;(4):CD005540. 2011;17(1):BR1-BR9. There have been a few studies on acetyl-L-carnitine's use as a treatment. For this reason, L-carnitine levels are often lower in vegetarians and vegans, since they restrict or avoid animal products (6, 62). Arch.Gerontol.Geriatr. Chinese J.Pract.Internal Med. View abstract. Liu Q, Garner P, Wang Y, Huang B, Smith H. Drugs and herbs given to prevent hepatotoxicity of tuberculosis therapy: systematic review of ingredients and evaluation studies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1999;13:205-9. Pugliese, D., Sabba, C., Ettorre, G., Berardi, E., Antonica, G., Godi, L., Palasciano, G., Lee, S. S., and Albano, O. View abstract. View abstract. L-carnitine supplementation vs cycle ergometer exercise for physical activity and muscle status in hemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial. Bipolar.Disord. View abstract. View abstract. Cavallini G, Biagiotti G, Koverech A, Vitali G. Oral propionyl-l-carnitine and intraplaque verapamil in the therapy of advanced and resistant Peyronie's disease. View abstract. Lee, P. J., Harrison, E. L., Jones, M. G., Jones, S., Leonard, J. V., and Chalmers, R. A. L-carnitine and exercise tolerance in medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency: a pilot study. Metabolism 2009;58(11):1618-1623. View abstract. Guarnieri, G. F., Ranieri, F., Toigo, G., Vasile, A., Ciman, M., Rizzoli, V., Moracchiello, M., and Campanacci, L. Lipid-lowering effect of carnitine in chronically uremic patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis. Fortin, G., Yurchenko, K., Collette, C., Rubio, M., Villani, A. C., Bitton, A., Sarfati, M., and Franchimont, D. L-carnitine, a diet component and organic cation transporter OCTN ligand, displays immunosuppressive properties and abrogates intestinal inflammation. [The anti-arrhythmic effect of L-carnitine in subjects with ischemic cardiopathy]. Levocarnitine administration in elderly subjects with rapid muscle fatigue: effect on body composition, lipid profile and fatigue. Conditioned nutritional requirements and the pathogenesis and treatment of myocardial failure. Wolfe, L. A., He, M., Vockley, J., Payne, N., Rhead, W., Hoppel, C., Spector, E., Gernert, K., and Gibson, K. M. Novel ETF dehydrogenase mutations in a patient with mild glutaric aciduria type II and complex II-III deficiency in liver and muscle. Acetyl-L-carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Arzneimittelforschung 1992;42:1101-4. Propionyl-L-carnitine in intermittent claudication: double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose titration, multicenter study. View abstract. J Inherit.Metab Dis. Nat.J.Andro. View abstract. View abstract. J.Reprod.Infertil 2010;10(4):245-251. Various lifestyle modifications, and possibly listening to music before bed, might also help. 1990;71(5):520-528. Yet, there are a few known side effects that include agitation, insomnia and nausea. View abstract. Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C, et al. Int.Angiol. Amino.Acids 2009;36(2):365-372. Ross, C., Morriss, A., Khairy, M., Khalaf, Y., Braude, P., Coomarasamy, A., and El-Toukhy, T. A systematic review of the effect of oral antioxidants on male infertility. Neurol.Sci 2010;31(1):61-64. Does L-carnitine reduce belly fat? Zhonghua Xin.Xue.Guan.Bing.Za Zhi. 2013 Jun;19(2):165-72. One 12-month study observed a reduction in heart failure and deaths among participants who took L-carnitine supplements (42). Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue. View abstract. Marconi C, Sassi G, Carpinelli A, Cerretelli P. Effects of L-carnitine loading on the aerobic and anaerobic performance of endurance athletes. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr. Obstet.Gynecol. carnitine and glucose/thiamine. Malaguarnera, M., Gargante, M. P., Cristaldi, E., Vacante, M., Risino, C., Cammalleri, L., Pennisi, G., and Rampello, L. Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy. van Dalen, E. C., Caron, H. N., Dickinson, H. O., and Kremer, L. C. Cardioprotective interventions for cancer patients receiving anthracyclines. Lund, A. M., Joensen, F., Hougaard, D. M., Jensen, L. K., Christensen, E., Christensen, M., Norgaard-Petersen, B., Schwartz, M., and Skovby, F. Carnitine transporter and holocarboxylase synthetase deficiencies in The Faroe Islands. 2007;45(12):932-936. 2008;21(11):1231-1237. In general, the adverse effects of oral or intravenous L-carnitine are mild and rare. View abstract. Segura-Bruna, N., Rodriguez-Campello, A., Puente, V., and Roquer, J. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Caponnetto S, Canale C, Masperone MA, et al. Huidekoper, H. H., Schneider, J., Westphal, T., Vaz, F. M., Duran, M., and Wijburg, F. A. 2012 Nov 1;30(31):3864-9. Effect of PLC on functional parameters and oxidative profile in type 2 diabetes-associated PAD. 2008;28(8):495-500. Ann Neurol 1988;24:301. Fietta, P. and Manganelli, P. Carnitine: a therapeutic option for childhood psoriatic onycho-pachydermo-periostitis (POPP). Eggs are so nutritious that they're often referred to as "nature's multivitamin." View abstract. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Cavallini G, Caracciolo S, Vitali G, et al. B., Lagler, F., Maier, E. M., Schwahn, B., Tokatli, A., Dursun, A., Coskun, T., Chalmers, R. A., Koeller, D. M., Zschocke, J., Christensen, E., Burgard, P., and Hoffmann, G. F. Natural history, outcome, and treatment efficacy in children and adults with glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. McMackin, C. J., Widlansky, M. E., Hamburg, N. M., Huang, A. L., Weller, S., Holbrook, M., Gokce, N., Hagen, T. M., Keaney, J. F., Jr., and Vita, J. Br J Cancer 2002;86:1854-7. Diabetes Res.Clin Pract. Gramignano, G., Lusso, M. R., Madeddu, C., Massa, E., Serpe, R., Deiana, L., Lamonica, G., Dessi, M., Spiga, C., Astara, G., Maccio, A., and Mantovani, G. Efficacy of l-carnitine administration on fatigue, nutritional status, oxidative stress, and related quality of life in 12 advanced cancer patients undergoing anticancer therapy. Sato S, Namisaki T, Furukawa M, et al. 2009;(2):CD006659. View abstract. View abstract. 2007;213(4):351-359. Valproate therapy does not deplete carnitine levels in otherwise healthy children. Hart AM, Wilson AD, Montovani C, et al. de Lira-Garcia, C., Souto-Gallardo, M., Bacardi-Gascon, M., and Jimenez-Cruz, A. Zhongguo Wei Zhong.Bing.Ji.Jiu.Yi Xue 2011;23(12):739-742. 2001;37(5):1018-1028. 2001;23 Suppl 1:S85-S89. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Lster H, Miehe K, Punzel M, et al. Exploratory open label, randomized study of acetyl- and propionylcarnitine in chronic fatigue syndrome. Kaviani, M., Nourshahi, M., and Shokoohi, F. The effects of acute L-carnitine administration on ventilatory breakpoint and exercise performance during incremental exercise. Rausch CR, Paul S, Marx KR, et al. Shojaei, M., Djalali, M., Khatami, M., Siassi, F., and Eshraghian, M. Effects of carnitine and coenzyme Q10 on lipid profile and serum levels of lipoprotein(a) in maintenance hemodialysis patients on statin therapy. Golper TA, Wolfson M, Ahmad S, Hirschberg R, Kurtin P, Katz LA, Nicora R, Ashbrook D, Kopple JD "Multicenter trial of L-carnitine in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Clin Eur 1983;22:405-415. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. It plays a crucial role in the production of energy by transporting fatty acids into your cells mitochondria (1, 2, 3). Whats more, five of the participants taking L-carnitine experienced nausea or diarrhea (24). Antioxidants may fight both inflammation and oxidation in the body. J Dermatol.Sci 2007;48(2):141-144. Am J Cardiol 1994;74:125-30. Ann.Clin Lab Sci 2009;39(4):399-404. Am J Cardiol. View abstract. Nootropics are drugs or supplements that can boost brain function. 1. View abstract. View abstract. 8588 Background: Carnitine is a natural aminoacid derivative that plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism. Am.J Hypertens. Spagnoli A, Lucca U, Menasce G, et al. Nephrol.Dial Transplant 2008;23(3):991-997. HIV.Med. Am Heart J 2000;139:S120-3. 1996;208(3):129-134. Very common (10% or more): Diarrhea (35%), abdominal pain (21%), vomiting (21%), nausea (12%), Common (1% to 10%): Constipation, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal disorder, melena, Very rare (less than 0.01%): Abdominal cramps[Ref], Very common (10% or more): Headache (37%), dizziness (18%), paresthesia (12%), Common (1% to 10%): Hypertonia, vertigo, taste perversion, Frequency not reported: Seizures (with or without pre-existing seizure activity), increase in seizure frequency and/or severity[Ref], There are reports from clinical trials of significant hypertriglyceridemia associated with high doses of levocarnitine (the active ingredient contained in L-Carnitine) (3 g/day) given to uremic dialysis patients. J Child Neurol. You may report them to the FDA. J Postgrad Med 1999;45(2):38-41. View abstract. Long-Term Levocarnitine Ameliorates Left Ventricular Diastolic as Well as Systolic Dysfunction in Hemodialysis Patients - Multi-Center Study. Carnitor (levocarnitine)." Hepatology 1997;25:148-53. Arzneimittelforschung 1982;32(3):293-297. BMC.Neurol. Amelioration of the depression of HIV-infected subjects with L-acetyl carnitine therapy. Zhongguo Dang.Dai Er.Ke.Za Zhi. View abstract. View abstract. This was not something I was expecting. De Simone, C., Tzantzoglou, S., Famularo, G., Moretti, S., Paoletti, F., Vullo, V., and Delia, S. High dose L-carnitine improves immunologic and metabolic parameters in AIDS patients. Schiavoni, G., Lucente, M., Di Folca, A., Alessandri, N., Mongiardo, R., and Manzoli, U. L-acetylcarnitine in depressed elderly subjects. 2006;39(4):465-474. Lancet 1989;2:469-73. Melegh B, Kerner J, Sandor A, et al. View abstract. Turk.J Pediatr 1998;40(1):79-84. Effect of L-carnitine in patients with asthenospermia. It can also cause a "fishy" odor of the urine, breath, and sweat. View abstract. 2006;27(6):599-604. Brevetti G, Perna S, Sabba C, et al. Urology 2004;63:641-6. Yang, L., Yin, H., Yang, R., and Huang, X. Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of L-carnitine and L-acetylcarnitine on sperm parameters in men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia. A., Ebenezer, G. J., Hauer, P., Millar, L., Gould, M., Tran, P., Shikuma, C., Souza, S., and McArthur, J. C. Acetyl-l-carnitine and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-associated neuropathy in HIV infection. l-Carnitine causes insomnia I've been taking l-Carnitine Fumarate in the evening and it's giving me serious insomnia. View abstract. Common causes of insomnia include stress, an irregular sleep schedule, poor sleeping habits, mental health disorders like anxiety and depression, physical illnesses and pain, medications . Am J Med 1993;95:112-3. Swart I, Rossouw J, Loots JM, and et al. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2010;33(5):555-561. View abstract. Soyucen, E., Demirci, E., and Aydin, A. Outpatient treatment of propionic acidemia-associated hyperammonemia with N-carbamoyl-L-glutamate in an infant. Phillips, T. J., Cherry, C. L., Cox, S., Marshall, S. J., and Rice, A. S. Pharmacological treatment of painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Inherit.Metab Dis 11-19-2010; View abstract. B., Gokcay, G., Grunewald, S., Guffon, N., Maier, E. M., Morava, E., Geb, S., Schwahn, B., Walter, J. H., Wendel, U., Wijburg, F. A., Muller, E., Kolker, S., and Horster, F. Diagnostic work-up and management of patients with isolated methylmalonic acidurias in European metabolic centres. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011;31(9):653-659. View abstract. Comparison of the effects of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine on carnitine levels, ambulatory activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the brain of old rats. Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's Disease. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Malaguarnera, M., Bella, R., Vacante, M., Giordano, M., Malaguarnera, G., Gargante, M. P., Motta, M., Mistretta, A., Rampello, L., and Pennisi, G. Acetyl-L-carnitine reduces depression and improves quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. 2005;25(7):470-477. Wilderness.Environ.Med. 2010;35(12):1880-1915. L-Carnosine (Fig. Aliment.Pharmacol Ther 2011;34(9):1088-1097. Palazzuoli, V., Mondillo, S., Faglia, S., D'Aprile, N., Camporeale, A., and Gennari, C. [The evaluation of the antiarrhythmic activity of L-carnitine and propafenone in ischemic cardiopathy]. View abstract. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1999;44:170-2. DiNicolantonio, J. J., Lavie, C. J., Fares, H., Menezes, A. R., and O'Keefe, J. H. L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Brass, E. P., Hoppel, C. L., and Hiatt, W. R. Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on carnitine homeostasis and fuel metabolism during exercise in humans. Nutr J. View abstract. View abstract. J Pain Symptom.Manage. G Ital Cardiol 1983;13(11):291-294. Physiologie. Kang, H. C., Kim, H. D., Lee, Y. M., and Han, S. H. Landau-Kleffner syndrome with mitochondrial respiratory chain-complex I deficiency. Tejani, A. M., Wasdell, M., Spiwak, R., Rowell, G., and Nathwani, S. Carnitine for fatigue in multiple sclerosis. De Vecchi, A. F., Arduini, A., Di, Liberato L., and Bonomini, M. [L-carnitine in peritoneal dialysis].
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