[36] When the Great Syrian Revolt broke out in 1925, rebellion once again broke out but this time it was ineffective. Druze constitute 5.2% of the modern population of Lebanon and still have a strong demographic presence in their traditional regions within the country to this day.[63]. [13] Najm ad-Din and his guerillas reportedly kidnapped and ambushed Mongols at night, and would often adopt pseudonyms to conceal their identities. [39], When the French entered Nabatieh in 1918, they barred the local populace from carrying out political activity. [28] In 1771 and 1781, they also gave refuge to the displaced Shiites from Mount Lebanon and Jabal Amel who were fleeing the brutality of the Shihabis and Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar. "[8], Lebanon throughout its history was home of many historic peoples who inhabited the region. [63], The syncretic beliefs of the Qarmatians, typically classed as an Isma'ili splinter sect with Zoroastrian influences, spread into the area of the Beqaa valley and possibly also Jabal Shuf starting in the 9th century. [82] Although Haplogroup J1 is most common in Arabian peninsula, studies have shown that it has been present in the Levant since the Bronze Age[83] and does not necessarily indicate Arabian descent. Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: ), historically known as matwila (Arabic: , plural of mutawlin[2] ([Lebanese pronounced as metouali[3]]) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role along Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. Lebanese Christians (95%), Shia Muslims (95%) and Sunni Muslims (86%) all . [36] The insurgents managed to temporarily conquer the Tebnine citadel in 1783, and the period witnessed swift uprisings in Tyre and Chehour in 17841785. where do you file a complaint against a hospital; failure to pay full time and attention va code; bones angela and hodgins in jail; mirabella svadobny salon dubnica nad vahom A . ), the Shiites were not recognized as a community nor as a distinct religious sect by the Ottomans. Sunnis and Shiitesin Iraqalso differ in the way they hold their hands during prayerup toward their chests or down at their sides, respectively. The Banu Amilah were part of the Nabataean Arab foederati of the Roman Empire, and they were connected to other pre-Islamic Arabs such as Judham and Balqayn, whose presence in the region likely dates back to Biblical times according to Irfan Shahd. Long live Lebanon, Long live Lebanese unity and long live the Shiites. Thng thng vic ng s cho ngy hm nay s din ra vo sau kt qu ca k quay trc tm khong 1 n 2 gi ng h hoc vo bui sng ca ngy hm nay, chnh v th m cc bn c th cn thi gian truy cp vo xem nh. The Mamluks had previously attempted to subjugate the community through several unsuccessful military campaigns in the 1290s, and launched the last campaign after a band of Keserwanis attacked their retreating army after the Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar. Insurgency continued until the end of al-Jazzar's rule in 1804, and famously involved Faris al-Nassif, Nassif al-Nassar's son. 1221), one of Baalbek's few Shia scholars at the time, took the initiative and retreated to the slopes of Mount Lebanon, where he was joined by ten thousand guerillas according to 13th century historian al-Yunini, a number surely exaggerated. [14] Moreover, an Alid uprising took place in 912 at the hands of Ibn al-Rida, a descendant of 10th Imam Ali al-Hadi, in the nearby Damascene countryside against the Abbasid governor of Damascus. However, in a country that had last census in 1932, it is difficult to have correct population estimates. Najm ad-Din ibn Malli al-Baalbeki (b. [15] When the Fatimids conquered the region in 970, they quarrelled with the local Shiites. But surnames arent reliable either, given the number of intermarriages that occurred under Baath party rule. shia surnames in pakistan. Some settled in the mountains of Lebanon, while others settled further north along the coastal ridges in Syria,[64] where the Alawites had earlier taken refugeand where their brethren in the Assassins were cultivating a fearsome reputation as they staved off armies of Crusaders and Sunnis alike for many years. shia surnames in pakistan. On the other hand, the official recognition of legal and religious Shiite institutions by the French authorities strengthened a sectarian awareness within the Shia community. While General Myers was meeting with officers and enlisted men there, I was free to walk around the base, and eventu ally I wandered into the command center, where my eye was immedi ately caught by a large flat-screen TV. This tradition makes it more likely that a man named Ali, Hassan, or Hussein would be a Shiite. Alessandria Masi/International Business Times what the Shi'ites did for the Christians in the south will be cherished in our hearts for as long as Lebanon and the Christians remain. The treaty was signed at Beit ed-Dine as a result of the mediation of Bashir Shihab II (1788-1840) between the two sides. Sunnis are widely dispersed in Lebanon with the majority of Lebanese Sunnis residing in urban centers (more than two-thirds living in Beirut, Sidon, and Baalbek), and rural Sunnis living in the Akkar region, the western Bekka . [13] Qarmatian influence may have also played a role when the latter gained foothold in neighboring Homs before the Abbasids kicked them out in 903. It has been suggested that Ottoman-era persecution might have spurred them to leave for elsewhere in the region, though there is no record or evidence of any kind of large exodus. 556 Sunni members registered in Beirut (Msaytbeh, Mazraa, Bachoura), Saida (Maksar el-Abd, Wastani, Dekerman, Qanayi, Kinan), and Ketermaya (Chouf). [19], Further east in the Bekaa valley, sources are scarce and generally uninformative. - 25 , +0800 2336 7811 Office@Medicare.com First names could give a clue, given the history of the sectarian split. July 31, 2019, 3:39 PM. What happened should be written in gold. [34] The duo's first decisive battle took place in Lake Huleh in 1771, when the 10,000-strong Ottoman army of Uthman Pasha al-Kurji was virtually annihilated by the duo's forces; about 300-500 Ottoman soldiers survived the battle, and Uthman Pasha returned to Damascus with only 3 of his soldiers. [36], When Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt invaded the Levant in 1833, he received the support of the Shihabis. [17], Some of the primary accounts for Lebanon are relayed by Al-Maqdisi (c. 966985) and Nasir Khusraw. [28] The Harfush and Hamade families received iltizam over the Bekaa valley and northern Mount Lebanon respectively, while Jabal Amel consisted of several nawahi governed by multiple families, until Ali al-Saghirs seized most of Jabal Amel by 1649. lebanese sunni surnames. [49] The institutionalization of Shia Islam during this period provoked discussions between Shiite scholars and clergy about how Shiite orthodoxy should be defined. [25] In 1384, the Mamluks also executed Muhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili, the head of the community at the time and most prominent scholar, after falsely charging him of being a ghulat and promoting Nusayri doctrines.[27]. Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: ), historically known as matwila (Arabic: , plural of mutawlin ([Lebanese pronounced as metouali]) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role along Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. It had expanded over the next few decades from an ailing relic to the largest glass manufacturer in the Levant, with 300 locally hired workers producing around 220,000 tons of glass per day. [14], Lebanese Sunni Muslims are concentrated in cities of west Beirut, Tripoli, Sidon and in north Lebanon in the Akkar and minyeh dinnieh districts, middle and west bekaa, Chouf district and laqlouq in mount lebanon , hasbaya district, and Northeastern Beqaa Valley mainly in and around the city of Arsal.[15]. The Mouslimani family includes 3799 members distributed as follows: The Derzi family includes 1265 members distributed as follows: The Qobti family includes 279 members distributed as follows: The Keldani family includes 134 members distributed as follows: The Seryani family includes 118 members distributed as follows: This family consists of both Christian and Muslim members amounting to 2770. The Twelver Shia Salih ibn Mirdas rose against the Fatimids in a similar manner, and by 1025 managed to conquer most of Syria, western Iraq and parts of Lebanon. verset coranique pour attirer les femmes. [17] Sunni Muslims constitute 27% of Lebanon's population, according to a 2012 estimate. Only Shiites would whip themselves with chains on the day of Ashura, to commemorate the murder of Ali and Hussein. There is no distinct pattern that shows that one community carries significantly more Phoenician than another. According to al-Muhajir, Yaman-affiliated tribes which lived in the surroundings of Baalbek before 872, such as Banu Kalb[20] and Banu Hamdan[13] were supportive of Alid sentiments at the time, and they likely played a role in disseminating Shia Islam in the Bekaa and anti-Lebanon mountains. With the resurgence of Safavid power, the Harfush emirs began to seek an extension of their power to the strategic Machghara, in the southernmost reaches of the Bekaa valley, with a view of securing contact with their fellow Shiites in Jabal Amel. According to the CIA World Factbook, Shia Muslims constituted an estimated 31% of Lebanon's population in 2022.[1]. Reuters Jamie Prentis Feb 27, 2023 Listen In English Listen in Arabic Chief among them was Muhaqqiq al-Karaki, from Karak Nuh in the Bekaa valley, who achieved limitless power during the reign of Shah Tahmasp I such that the Shah told him, You are the real king and I am just one of your agents". [22] In 1217, an elite Hungarian contingent was virtually annihilated by local archers in Jezzine, a Shia locality at the time, and the prisoners were paraded in Damascus. Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid killed one of the city's Alid notables in 903 for alleged Qarmatian sympathies. [43], The primary outlet for discussions concerning educational reforms among Shia scholars was the monthly Shiite journal al-'Irfan, founded in 1909. 38. This tack also applies to Lebanon's Shiite militia Hezbollah, established by Iran in the early 1980s. Politically and physically weakened, the Hamadas retained some of their tax farms in Mount Lebanon until 1771 when they were defeated and evicted by the northward expanding Shihab dynasty. In 1767, Zahir attempted to extend his authority to Shiite villages, but was defeated in battle and captured, eventually entering into an alliance with Nassif and the Shiites. Tiberias was visited in 880s by al-Ya'qubi who noted the presence of a Shia[13] tribe in the city, al-Ash'ari of Madh'hij who originally founded the Shia holy city of Qom in 703. [45] According to historian Elizabeth Thompson, private schools were part of "constant negotiations" between citizen and the French authorities in Lebanon, specifically regarding the hierarchical distribution of social capital along religious communal lines. For the most part, you cant tell a Shiite or a Sunni by how they look, talk, or dress. Maronites, Rum Christians, Protestant Christians etc. [2], Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Sunni notables traditionally held power in the Lebanese state together, and they are still the only ones eligible for the post of Prime Minister. Chalabi, for example, is a well-known Shiite name, and Pachachi tends to be Sunni. [28] In 1686, a joint Hamada-Harfush force defeated and drove Ottoman forces of Sidon and Tripoli and their allies out of Keserwan, who had encamped in the region earlier, leaving Jbeil susceptible to attack. [3], The cultural and linguistic heritage of the Lebanese people is a blend of both indigenous Phoenician elements, Arab culture and the foreign cultures that have come to rule the land and its people over the course of thousands of years. [53], In addition, the Shia Twelvers in Lebanon have close links to the Syrian Shia Twelvers. Sunni Muslims regard their denomination as the mainstream and traditionalist branch of Islamas distinguished from the minority denomination, the Shiah. to guarantee confidentiality, mandated reporters are not required; Select Page. Malik, Maleek, Malek or Malyk (Arabic: or ) is a given name and surname. [13] Al-Yunini identifies other notable Shia individuals from Baalbek in this period, including Muhammad bin Abi al-Hasan (11981278) from Baalbek, a battle-hardened fris and amir of 20 soldiers who fought the crusaders and Mongols; and Muhammad bin Muwaffaq al-Tanukhi (fl. This angered the French, who encouraged an unsuccessful assassination attempt against him. [68] Though they are nominally counted among the 18 officially-recognised sects under modern Lebanese law,[69] they currently have no representation in state functions[70] and continue to lack personal status laws for their sect, which has led to increased conversions to established sects to avoid the perpetual inconveniences this produces. It means pious or true believer. Seven Shia Twelver (Mutawili) villages that were reassigned from French Greater Lebanon to the British Mandate of Palestine in a 1924 border-redrawing agreement were depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and repopulated with Jews. [28] Ebussuud's fatws labeled the Qizilbash, regardless of whether they lived on Iranian or Ottoman soil, as "heretics", and declared that killing them would be viewed as praiseworthy. Some Afghan last names are: Khan Noorzai Ahmadzai Mohammadzai Sarwar Zia. Baalbek in the 18th century was really under the control of the Metawali, which also refers to the Shia Twelvers. Got a question about todays news? It is also commonly used to refer to a Muslim religious scholar. "The Metoualis are almost annihilated due to their revolts; their name is soon to be extinct".[32]. club xl harrisburg capacity; pivotal group snapnurse; what happened to sofia's daughter in john wick 3; rachel lavine robbie kaplan; The Christians (Nasara) are your brethren in the country and in destiny. [16] And more recently, in 2018 the CIA World Factbook estimated that Sunni Muslims constitute 30.6%[19] of Lebanon's population.[20][21]. The Mamluks punished the town of Machghara in 1364 for disobedience and religious dissidence. Sectarian violence in Iraq last week resulted in 379 deaths and 458 wounded, the Iraqi government announced on Tuesday. A very pious Sunni man in Iraqmay wear a long beard, and a pious Sunni woman might cover her face except for the eyes. One who is brave, bold and courageous. [58] They are recognized as one of the 18 official Lebanese sects, and due to the efforts of an Alawite leader Ali Eid, the Taif Agreement of 1989 gave them two reserved seats in the Parliament. According to a CIA 2018 study, Lebanese Sunni Muslims constitute an estimated 30.6% of Lebanon's population. [21][22] Shias in the Bekaa valley remained under Muslim rule and were on good terms with Bahramshah (11821230), who welcomed a prominent Shia scholar from Homs in the city in 1210s, a gesture that "gave morale to the Shiites living in the nahiyah (of Baalbek)". A popular Arab surname for Christians in Lebanon. [36], After the revolt, the region experienced a decade or so of political stability. [75] A study done by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in 1985 put the numbers of Shias at 41% of the population (919,000 of 2,228,000). In order to bring their demands (mulabiyya) to the attention of the French authorities, petitions were signed and presented to the French High Commissioner and the Service de l'Instruction Publique. However, Beirut became the only fully Latin speaking city in the whole east. [12] Shias from the newly autonomous areas of Jabal Amel soon became essential participants in blocking Frankish raids and sieges. [28] In 1693, the newly-ordained grand vizier Ali Pasha set about organizing a massive new campaign against the Hamadas, committing 20,000 troops to coordinate and annihilate the Shiites and Ahmad Ma'n, who was accused of "supporting the accursed Qizilbash". Some of the influencers of Lebanese culture are Phoenicians, Assyrians, Romans, Ottoman Turks, Greeks, Persians, Arabs, and the French. [28] Entering the conflict as virtually the most powerful taxlord dynasty of the entire Syrian coastlands, the campaign left the Hamadas physically broken and politically dependent on Ahmad Ma'n. Many Christians who fled their villages during the revolt were accommodated by Shia notables from Nabatieh and Bint Jbeil, an act that was appreciated by Christian clergies in letters. Isma'ilis hold that Isma'il ibn Jafar was the true seventh imam, and not Musa al-Kadhim as the Twelvers believe. [30] Aqqush's army of 50,000 advanced and encircled Keserwan from four sides, and was confronted by an estimated 4,000 infantrymen on the Shiites' behalf. The Lebanese coast was mainly inhabited by Phoenician Canaanites throughout the Bronze and Iron ages, who built the cities of Tyre, Sidon, Byblos and Tripoli, which was founded as a center of a confederation between Aradians, Sidonians, and Tyrians. These feudal families frequently quarrelled with the Ottoman governors to maintain autonomy over their territories. Members of the family also served as supervisors of the Mamuk army in Damascus. Khan, etc. Between Fakhreddines millions and the Medicis. Between 1187 and 1291, the Shiites of Jabal Amel were divided between the newly autonomous hills and a coast still subject to the Franks. The ansaris now reside in most countries of south asia with large populations in india, pakistan, bangladesh and nepal. [52] The seven villages are Qadas, Nabi Yusha, al-Malikiyya, Hunin, Tarbikha, Abil al-Qamh, and Saliha. In social terms, Tripoli and Tyre experienced a drastic upheaval with the crusader conquests. lebanese sunni surnamesmichelle fleury ancestry. In Lebanon, which shares a long border with conflict-ridden Syria, 92% of the public is worried about Islamic extremism, up 11 points from the already high figure of 81% in 2013. Shiite holy men wear either a black or a white turban (depending on their lineage) and a robe. [67] In the mid-1980s, several hundred Isma'ilis were thought to still live in a few communities scattered across several parts of Lebanon. The French had dispersed the Shiite leaders and thousands of peasants who feared reprisals, and the high fines imposed on them caused financial misery. Although it can be considered offensive nowadays, it was a way to distinguish the uniqueness and unity of the community. Alternative spelling. And in most Middle Eastern countries, concern about extremism has increased in the past year. However, the girls' school did not last long due to financial difficulties and traditional views, prompting Sayyid Sharafeddine to transfer the girls and teach them in his own home. Officially, the country's policy has been to host them until the war in the . For example, Najm ad-Din adopted the pseudonym "the bald king". There is no distinct pattern that shows that one community carries significantly more Phoenician than another. Note that the following percentages are estimates only. It is a variant of the surname Al-Amin, which means faithful or trustworthy. This neglectance continued into the early days of the French mandate. Other names cant be linked to one sect or the other: Youll find plenty of Muslims from both camps named after Mohammed or his daughter Fatima. In 996998, rebels in Tyre drove out the Fatimids for two years until the revolt was suppressed and the dissidents crushed. Iskandar is a Lebanese version of Alexander and means defender of mankind. The Shiites gradually grew more accepting of Greater Lebanon due to various sectarian and non-sectarian reasons. 35. The years-long siege of Tripoli and the brutal aftermath of its fall caused an influx outside of Tripoli. [46] During these negotiations, petitions were often used by different sects to demand support for reforms. This was the perfect moment for the French to strike, as they sent to the south an expedition of 4,0006,000 soldiers lead by Colonel Niger, heavily bombing the villages and crushing the Shiite rebellion by June 1920.
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