Most belong to the archives of the guenna (provincial governor) of the city of Nippur and seem to indicate a feudal system of government during the 14th and 13th centuries. and ruled the area for 576 years. 165-74. In addition to their original members and dependents, both sectors absorbed prisoners of war, fugitive foreigners. Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east were gathered together, and went over, and pitched in the valley of Jezreel. [15][16] Kudurrus, stone stele used to record land grants and related documents provide another source for Kassite history. 1-48. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Zeitschrift Fr Assyriologie & Vorderasiatische Archologie, 103(2), 183195. Babylonia and the Bible, Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception, Vol 3. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Attractive design ideal for your home, office, church . The name Cushan is considered a translation for Kassite or northwest Mesopotamia. The names of some Kassite deities are known. 1-19. It is either anachronistic, or a poor translation. Idem, Studies in Babylonian Feudalism of the Kassite Period, tr. 6, no. "The Kassites of Babylonia: A Re-examination of an Ethnic Identity". Thank you! Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. R. Zadok, The Origin of the Name Shinar, ZA 74, 1984, pp. To the east of the Hittite Empire, Mesopotamia was not ruled by a single state or empire during most of the Bronze Age. (2015). [28][29] A typical treaties include the EgyptianHittite peace treaty (c.1259 BC) and the treaty between the Kassite ruler Karaindash and the Assyrian ruler Ashur-bel-nisheshu (c. 1410 BC). The section concludes with a brief appendix (chapter 45). 471-589. 58, no. 11, no. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 210 f.). Kassites stayed in Babylonia, but their main concentration was the central Zagros northeast of Babylonia, notably in Namri and Bt-Hamban. 88 f.) suggest that Babylon was resettled as early as ca. 233-42. The Kassites (/ksats/) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1595 BC and until c. 1155 BC (middle chronology). The Bible is not specific as to the exact date. 257 ff. No, King David Never Danced Naked Before The Lord, Top 10 Worst Christian Fashions And Clothing. The Canaan has been plundered into every sort of woe: The Absurd History Of Papal Edicts Concerning Jews, How Well Do You Know Your Bible? Literature that falls in the category of mythical will not be covered even though there is a large amount of biblical and Akkadian literature that refers to the same events, such as creation and flood events. And when you look up to the sky and see the sun, the moon and the starsall the heavenly arraydo not be enticed into bowing down to them and worshiping things the LORD your God has apportioned to all the nations under heaven. M. Hlscher, Die Personennamen der kassitenzeitlischen Texte aus Nippur, Imgula 1, Mnster, 1996. The event is recorded in Genesis 12. "Archive und Bibliotheken in Babylon. 177-189, Krebernik, M., and Seidl, U. [31] The most notable of these efforts was the construction of a new city, Dur-Kuirgalzu. The Midianites were a biblical people who occupied territory east of the Jordan River and the Dead Sea, and southward through the desert wilderness of the Arabah. During this time, in the 1300s bce, Assyria broke away from Babylonia. Foster and D. Gutas, Monographs on the Ancient Near East 2/3, Malibu, 1986. The earliest occurrence of an individual with a Kassite name in Babylonia is from Rm-Sn Is 53rd year (1770 BCE). Gezer has been captured; "Ur in the Kassite Period". The Kassites (/ksats/) were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC (short chronology). Political Interactions between Kassite Babylonia and Assyria, Egypt and atti during the Amarna Age". The last two toponyms are mentioned in Sennaheribs 8th campaign against the Kassites and Yasubigalleans (see Edzard, 1976-80, p. 271a). Submitted tags will be reviewed by site administrator before it is posted online.If you enter several tags, separate with commas. They eventually detached themselves from the Babylonian state and its urban centers, probably because they were unpaid or unprovisioned. The world of the Bible is knowable. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. 31-45, 47-73, 106-33. 47, 100, 102 ff., 115 ff., 122). The fact that the river ordeal, which in the Old Babylonian period is mainly recorded in texts from Susa, has become more common in Babylonia during the Kassite than in the preceding (Old Babylonian) period may point to an origin of the Kassites east of Babylonia, but is not conclusive evidence. Mu-s-Sa Dates in the Kassite Period. Die Welt Des Orients, vol. Brill, pp. At least three toponyms in Mannea, another three in Gizilbunda, and one in eastern Media are explicable in Kassite terms. The Kassites abandoned their own culture after a couple of generations of dominance, allowing themselves to be absorbed into Babylonian civilization. 2, 1971, Ferrara, A. J. A man named Tobiah the Ammonite is mentioned in Nehemiah 2:19 at the end of the Old Testament period (400s BC). Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Clayden, Tim. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. This relief shows 3 different peoples essentially having Egyptian rule placed over them. Judges 8:33 records that after Gideon died, the Israelites turned from the Lord and worshiped Baals and made Baal-berith their God. Gasche et al. Old Testament Overview - General survey of the Old Testament. 17 f.). These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. When the Kassites took over, they managed to forge political stability within the region, and they began to transform the southern Mesopotamian region into a unified territorial state. 470 f.; Sassmannshausen, 1999, pp. 3000-323 BC., Oxford, 2003. https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. How does violence against the family pet affect the family? Agum the prince (? Idem, Kassiten, RlA 5, 1976-1980, pp. Other ceramic goods, such as traps for small animals and vessels commonly thought to be fruit stands were found also. The Kassite (or presumably such) clans are Bimat (including the houses [h] of Nanakt) and possibly the Samhar (De Graef, 1998, pp. The Kassites, an ancient people who spoke neither an Indo-European nor a Semitic language, originated in Lorestn. 19-38. ), in O. Lipschits and J. Blenkinsopp, eds., Judah and Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period, Winona Lake, 2003, pp. that the plagues mentioned in the Book of Exodus from the Hebrew Bible . J. "Kassitisch und Hurro-Urartisch. When and how did the Twelve Apostles die? This negative find, compared with the hypothetical appearance of Kassite names in the documents from Old Babylonian Susa, may strengthen the case for an eastern origin of the Kassites. Babylonian Pottery in the Kassite Period". This is the first entry which will cover the Kassite period (1600-1160 BCE). Learn facts that you cant learn just from reading the Bible The Amarna letters, which were mostly written in the early to mid-13th century BCE, capture communication back and forth from Egyptian Ruler Amenophis III and his various loyal vassal-governors in the land of Canaan. Diakonoff, Warminster, 1982, pp. 20, 2010, pp. They later regained power yet would be defeated along with many other nations under King Nebuchadnezzar in the seventh century BC. 3, 1979, pp. During this time, Joseph was born and eventually sold into Egypt. Babylonia was recognized as a great power by the other Near Eastern powers, namely, its neighbors and Egypt, according to the Amarna correspondence. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. The documentation from Old Babylonian Susa would have strengthened the case for the Zagros as the original country of the Kassites, were it not limited, undated, and to some extent of questionable interpretation (Zadok, 1987, p. 16). Scholars today are still debating the historical identity of the Cushites. The Kassites left no cultural impact in Babylonia. "Now a river flowed out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it divided and became four rivers. 9 f.) thinks that the governor of Nippur was the head of the Babylonian aristocrats, but his suggestion, namely, that in the personality of the governor of Nippur was manifested to a certain degree the personality of a second king, cannot be substantiated. The Kassites kings pursued a policy of dynastic marriages with rulers of the other contemporary Near Eastern powers, namely, Elam (from the reign of Burnaburia II onwards until that of Meli-hu; see van Dijk, 1986, pp. The Babylonian Kudurru Inscriptions and their Legal and Sociohistorical Implications". Under the later Kassite kings political authority was weakened as peripheral provinces detached themselves from effective state control (see Brinkman, 1963, pp. 224 f.). Because I thought I believe so different from everyone else. Edzard, Jasubigallja, in RlA V, 1976-80, p. 271a. Bibliography 257 Environment, Series II, Memoirs IV. Their empire, which lasted from the 20th to the seventh centuries B.C., was centered on the cities of Assur, Nineveh and Arbela in what is now northern Iraq. Idem, Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 B.C. Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur. The first place to start when trying to locate the Garden of Eden is in the Bible. 3, 1973, pp. [6] As was typical in the region, there was some cross pollination with other religions. Related Content The chronology of the Kassite rulers is very uncertain. Elamites and Assyrians attack Babylonia. 1499-1503. diss., Columbia University, 2002. Why Did Christ Ride a Donkey on His Triumphant Entry? It is important to know that many of the cities of Canaan that were mentioned in the Bible have now undergone excavations. Idem, rev. The state sector, namely, the royal family, bureaucrats, priests, artisans, and attached labor (dependents and slaves of the palaces and temples), seems to have been the dominant one in the economy of Kassite Babylonia. [4] The Kassite religion is also poorly known. Thus Rameses means to come from Ra and Mosa would be incomplete, and as it says in Exodus he was drawn from the water. 8, 1966, pp. (paternal name) seem to be the only ones which resemble names with relevance to Kassites (cf. . [54] A Kassite text found at Dur-Kurigalzu mentions glass given to artisans for palace decoration and similar glass was found there. Balkan (1986, pp. One Kassite invention was the boundary stone (kudurru), a block of stone that served as a record of a grant of land by the king to favoured persons. MOSAIC GLASS FROM HASANLU, MARLIK, AND TELL AL-RIMAH. Journal of Glass Studies, vol. "The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State." 04 Mar 2023. They reportedly dominated this territory from roughly the twelfth through the tenth centuries B.C.E. Is The NIV Purposefully Removing References To Fasting? Genesis 2:14 gives the location of the Garden of Eden. R. Pientka, Die Sptaltbabylonische Zeit: Abieu bis Samsuditana: Quellen, Jahresdaten, Geschichte, 1, 2, Imgula 2, Mnster, 1998. The Assyrians Reception of a victorious. Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I (1243 - 1207 B.C.) A. Belmonte Marn, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der Texte aus Syrien im 2. 8, line 46; 9, 41). Ashkelon has been overcome; Once Kassite rulers were finally overthrown, they never regained power. 2, 2004, pp. 17 ff. 147, Lambert, W. G. The Warwick Kudurru. Syria, vol. Museum, British. 5 What kind of government did the Kassites have? [3], The origin and classification of the Kassite language, like the Sumerian language and Hurrian language, is uncertain, and, also like the two latter languages, has generated a wide array of speculation over the years, even to the point of linking it to Sanskrit. The Hittites had carried off the idol of the god Marduk, but the Kassite rulers regained possession, returned Marduk to Babylon, and made him the equal of the Kassite Shuqamuna. Another ancient Middle Eastern people known as the Elam finally defeated the last Kassite ruler in 12 B.C. Buried History, 51, 57-60. This garden was cited as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by the historian Herodotus. Cuneiform Texts in The Otago Museum: A preliminary report. and ruled the area for 576 years. These grants were recorded on stone stelae (sing. The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. [8][9] About 100 Kassite tablets were found at Dur-Kurigalzu. [39][40][41], The Babylonian and Assyrian king lists mention eight or nine early Kassite rulers whose names are not fully known and who precede the following kings. Some prebendaries in Babylonian temple cities bore Kassite ancestors names as late as the Achaemenid period (see Zadok, 2003, p. 482, with n. 6). The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Hittites, Kassites and Mitanni Children's Middle Eastern History Books, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. 163-69). The new rulers, non-Babylonians known as Kassites, adopted Babylonian conventions in their royal iconography and inscriptions. ), whose kings were native Babylonians. Abraham was born in 1912bce, or 1948 from Adam, when Noah was 58 years old His son Shem was Malchitzedek, and Shems daughter was Tamar who became the mother Judahs twin sons (Peretz and Zarach). [57] The images created by these seals were unique to each seal, but many shared the same subject matter. The commonly held opinion that they originated from the Zagros mountains east of Babylonia (see, e.g., Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Heinz, 1995, p. 167) is based on the assumption that their geographical distribution before they took over the Babylonian alluvium was the same as their distribution after the demise of the Kassite rule in Babylonia. More could be said about archaeology and the conquest of Canaan but for the sake of this post I will not include everything. Temples were granted whole villages with the tillers, who stood in dependency and an exploitation relationship (see Oelsner, 1982a, 1982b). Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today.